To add on to what Alex said, there were also a lot of anesthetics, cures, medicines found during this time period which also lead to population increase.
Population growth between 1800 and 1900 was driven by a decline in death rates due to improved medicine and sanitation, advancements in agriculture leading to better nutrition, urbanization providing economic opportunities, and cultural attitudes favoring larger families. These factors collectively allowed more children to survive to adulthood and reproduce. As a result, the global population experienced a significant increase during this period.
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