James Madison viewed factions as dangerous to a republic primarily because they could deepen the divide between different societal groups, particularly between the wealthy and the poor. He also warned that factions might disrupt the system of checks and balances established by the Constitution and create tensions among minorities. His insights in Federalist No. 10 emphasize the necessity of a balanced government to mitigate such threats. ;
James Madison viewed factions as dangerous to a republic mainly because they could create conflict between economic classes, disrupt the system of checks and balances, and increase tensions among minority groups. His concerns are elaborated in Federalist No. 10. Therefore, the answer to the question is option 2: they would likely pit the haves and have-nots against each other.
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