The Investiture Controversy was a key conflict in the 11th century involving Emperor Henry IV and Pope Gregory VII over the authority to appoint church officials. This struggle highlighted the tension between papal and secular power and led to significant consequences for the relationship between the church and state. Events such as the Walk to Canossa symbolized the lengths to which rulers would go to maintain influence over religious appointments. ;
The answer is C. Investiture Controversy , which was a conflict in the 11th century between Emperor Henry IV and Pope Gregory VII over the authority to appoint church officials. This struggle involved significant events like the Walk to Canossa, highlighting the tension between church and state. Ultimately, it set important precedents for the future relationship between political and religious powers.
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