An electric device delivers a current of [tex]$15.0 A$[/tex] for 30 seconds. How many electrons flow through it?
Answer (1)
Analyze the provided table of DNA base proportions for different organisms.
Calculate the absolute differences between the proportions of A and T, T and G, A and C, and G and C for each organism.
Observe that the absolute differences between A and T, and G and C are generally the smallest.
Conclude that A and T occur in similar proportions, and G and C occur in similar proportions. A and T occur in similar proportions, and G and C occur in similar proportions.
Explanation
Understanding the Problem We are given a table showing the relative proportions of DNA bases (Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, and Cytosine) in different organisms. The question asks us to identify which pairs of bases occur in similar proportions within a single organism. The options are A and T, T and G, A and C, and G and C.
Analyzing the Data To determine which pairs occur in similar proportions, we will compare the percentages of each base within each organism. We look for pairs where the percentages are close to each other.
Identifying Similar Proportions From the output of the python code, we have the absolute differences between the proportions of each pair of bases for each organism:
Human: |A-T| = 1.5 |T-G| = 9.5 |A-C| = 11.1 |G-C| = 0.1
Chicken: |A-T| = 0.4 |T-G| = 8.7 |A-C| = 7.3 |G-C| = 1.0
Grasshopper: |A-T| = 0.0 |T-G| = 8.8 |A-C| = 8.6 |G-C| = 0.2
Sea urchin: |A-T| = 0.7 |T-G| = 14.4 |A-C| = 15.5 |G-C| = 0.4
Wheat: |A-T| = 0.2 |T-G| = 4.4 |A-C| = 4.5 |G-C| = 0.1
Yeast: |A-T| = 1.6 |T-G| = 14.2 |A-C| = 14.2 |G-C| = 1.6
E. coli: |A-T| = 1.1 |T-G| = 2.4 |A-C| = 1.0 |G-C| = 0.3
We can observe that the absolute differences between G and C, and A and T are generally the smallest across all organisms.
Conclusion Based on the data, we can conclude that A and T occur in similar proportions, and G and C occur in similar proportions. This is because the absolute differences between their percentages are the smallest compared to other pairs.
Examples
Understanding the proportions of DNA bases is crucial in various fields, such as genetics and forensics. For example, in DNA sequencing, knowing that A pairs with T and G pairs with C helps in reconstructing the sequence of a DNA strand. In forensics, these proportions can be used to identify individuals based on their unique DNA profiles. Moreover, in evolutionary biology, comparing the proportions of these bases across different species can provide insights into their evolutionary relationships.
