In the structure of 4-isopropyl-2,4,5-trimethylheptane, identify the primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary carbons. Use the abbreviations: p is primary, s is secondary, t is tertiary and q is quarternary.
Answer (2)
Primary carbons (p) are bonded to one other carbon atom.
Secondary carbons (s) are bonded to two other carbon atoms.
Tertiary carbons (t) are bonded to three other carbon atoms.
Quaternary carbons (q) are bonded to four other carbon atoms.
Identify and count each type of carbon in the structure of 4-isopropyl-2,4,5-trimethylheptane.
The final answer is: 7 primary, 2 secondary, 3 tertiary, and 1 quaternary.
Explanation
Understanding Carbon Types Let's analyze the structure of 4-isopropyl-2,4,5-trimethylheptane to identify primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary carbons. Remember that:
Primary carbons (p) are bonded to one other carbon atom.
Secondary carbons (s) are bonded to two other carbon atoms.
Tertiary carbons (t) are bonded to three other carbon atoms.
Quaternary carbons (q) are bonded to four other carbon atoms.
Identifying Carbon Types in the Structure Now, let's identify each carbon atom and its type in the structure:
CH3
|
H3C-C-CH2-CH-C-CH-CH2-CH3
| | | |
CH3 CH3 H3C CH
|
CH3
|
CH3
The two terminal methyl groups on the isopropyl group are primary (p).
The methyl groups attached to the 2nd, 4th and 5th carbons are primary (p).
The terminal methyl group on the right side of the main chain is primary (p).
The first carbon on the left side of the main chain is primary (p).
The carbon connecting the two methyl groups of the isopropyl group is tertiary (t).
The second carbon on the left side of the main chain is secondary (s).
The 4th carbon on the main chain is quaternary (q).
The 2nd carbon on the main chain is tertiary (t).
The 5th carbon on the main chain is tertiary (t).
The 6th carbon on the main chain is secondary (s).
Counting Carbon Types Based on the analysis, here's the identification of each carbon type:
Primary (p): There are 6 methyl groups (CH3) attached to the main chain or isopropyl group, and one methyl group at the end of the chain. So there are 7 primary carbons.
Secondary (s): There are two CH2 groups in the main chain. So there are 2 secondary carbons.
Tertiary (t): There are two carbons in the main chain that are bonded to three other carbons (carbons 2 and 5), and one carbon in isopropyl group. So there are 3 tertiary carbons.
Quaternary (q): There is one carbon in the main chain that is bonded to four other carbons (carbon 4). So there is 1 quaternary carbon.
Final Identification Therefore, in the structure of 4-isopropyl-2,4,5-trimethylheptane, we have identified the primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary carbons.
Examples
Understanding the types of carbon atoms in organic molecules is crucial in chemistry. For example, in drug design, knowing whether a carbon atom is primary, secondary, tertiary, or quaternary helps predict how the molecule will interact with biological targets. This is because the type of carbon atom affects the molecule's reactivity and stability. Similarly, in material science, the properties of polymers depend on the arrangement and types of carbon atoms in the polymer chains. Identifying these carbon types allows scientists to tailor the properties of materials for specific applications.
In 4-isopropyl-2,4,5-trimethylheptane, there are 7 primary, 2 secondary, 3 tertiary, and 1 quaternary carbons. Understanding these classifications is essential for analyzing organic compounds. The structure includes multiple branching, revealing the carbon types effectively.
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