The passage demonstrates an ad hominem attack by criticizing the opponent's character based on test scores rather than discussing relevant qualifications for class president. This shifts the focus from the candidate's abilities or policies to their academic performance. The correct answer is option A: Ad hominem attack.
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The passage exemplifies an ad hominem attack by criticizing the opponent's character based on academic performance rather than their qualifications for class president. Other fallacies mentioned do not apply in this context. This demonstrates how personal character attacks can distort rational debate. ;