In a series combination of cells, the total electromotive force (EMF) is the sum of individual EMFs, while the equivalent internal resistance is the sum of the internal resistances. In parallel, the total EMF is that of the cell with the highest EMF, and the total internal resistance follows the reciprocal rule. This illustrates how connecting cells alters circuit behavior significantly based on configuration. ;
In a series combination of cells, the total EMF is the sum of the individual EMFs, and the equivalent internal resistance is the sum of the internal resistances. In parallel, the EMF is that of the cell with the highest EMF, while the total internal resistance is calculated using the reciprocal of the sum. This highlights how different configurations of cells alter circuit performance significantly.
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