Use the appropriate abbreviations to identify each example. Three-year-old Rosie adores her newfound freedom to run but is put into time-out when she knocks over a vase.
PR = Positive reinforcement
NR = Negative reinforcement
PP = Positive punishment
NP = Negative punishment
Answer (2)
The situation with Rosie is an example of Positive Punishment (PP), where she faces a time-out after knocking over a vase. This consequence is intended to decrease the likelihood of her repeating the undesired behavior. Understanding the difference between reinforcement and punishment helps clarify how behaviors are shaped or modified.
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In the scenario provided, three-year-old Rosie is put into time-out after she knocks over a vase. To figure out what type of behavioral concept this scenario represents, we need to understand the different types of reinforcement and punishment:
Positive Reinforcement (PR): This involves adding something desirable to increase a behavior. For example, giving Rosie a sticker every time she helps clean up.
Negative Reinforcement (NR): This involves removing something unpleasant to increase a behavior. An example would be taking away a chore when Rosie behaves well, thus increasing her chances of behaving well again.
Positive Punishment (PP): This involves adding something unpleasant to decrease a behavior. In this scenario, Rosie's time-out is considered a positive punishment because time-out is something added to the situation in order to decrease her behavior of running and knocking over things.
Negative Punishment (NP): This involves removing something desirable to decrease a behavior. An example of this would be taking away Rosie's favorite toy if she misbehaves.
Given this understanding, the situation with Rosie being put into time-out after knocking over a vase can be identified as an instance of Positive Punishment (PP) because a consequence (time-out) was added with the intention of decreasing the undesired behavior (running and knocking over the vase).
