Fill in the missing information:
| symbol | atom or ion? (check all that apply) | number of protons | number of electrons |
|---|---|---|---|
|$\square$ |$\square$ neutral atom $\square$ cation $\square$ anion | 49 | 47 |
| Kr |$\square$ neutral atom $\square$ cation $\square$ anion | $\square$ | $\square$ |
| $P ^{2-}$ |$\square$ neutral atom $\square$ cation $\square$ anion | $\square$ | $\square$ |
Answer (2)
The completed table is provided in the solution.
Explanation
Analyzing the Table Let's analyze the table and fill in the missing information step by step. We'll use our knowledge of atoms, ions, protons, and electrons to complete the table.
Filling in Row 1 Row 1:
We are given that the number of protons is 49 and the number of electrons is 47.
The number of protons identifies the element. The element with 49 protons is Indium (In).
Since the number of electrons (47) is less than the number of protons (49), this is a cation (positive ion).
The charge of the ion is +2 (49 - 47 = +2).
Therefore, the symbol is I n 2 + .
Filling in Row 2 Row 2:
We are given the symbol Kr, which represents Krypton.
Krypton has an atomic number of 36, which means it has 36 protons.
Since no charge is indicated, we assume it is a neutral atom. In a neutral atom, the number of electrons is equal to the number of protons.
Therefore, the number of electrons is also 36.
Filling in Row 3 Row 3:
We are given the symbol P 2 − , which represents a Phosphorus ion with a -2 charge.
Phosphorus (P) has an atomic number of 15, which means it has 15 protons.
Since the ion has a charge of -2, it has 2 extra electrons compared to a neutral Phosphorus atom.
Therefore, the number of electrons is 15 + 2 = 17.
Completed Table Here's the completed table:
symbol
atom or ion?
number of protons
number of electrons
I n 2 +
cation
49
47
Kr
neutral atom
36
36
P 2 −
anion
15
17
Final Answer The missing information has been successfully filled in based on the principles of atomic structure and ion formation.
Examples
Understanding the composition of atoms and ions is crucial in various fields, such as chemistry, materials science, and even medicine. For example, in medical imaging, radioactive isotopes are used as tracers. These isotopes, which are atoms with an unstable nucleus, decay and emit radiation that can be detected. The behavior and properties of these isotopes are directly related to their atomic structure, including the number of protons and electrons. Similarly, in materials science, the properties of materials are determined by the arrangement and interaction of atoms and ions. By understanding the number of protons and electrons in different elements, scientists can design new materials with specific properties.
The completed table identifies Indium as a cation with 49 protons and 47 electrons, Krypton as a neutral atom with 36 protons and 36 electrons, and Phosphorus as an anion with 15 protons and 17 electrons. The missing information is filled based on the properties of the elements and ions being studied. Understanding these concepts is essential in chemistry, as they determine how atoms and ions interact in various chemical reactions.
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