Through which conversion is energy released?
A. ADP to ATP
B. ATP to ADP
C. NADP${}^{+}$ to NADPH
D. $CO _2$ and $H _2 O$ to $C _6 H _{12} O _6$ and $O _2$
Answer (2)
ADP to ATP requires energy.
ATP to ADP releases energy.
NADP + to NADPH requires energy.
C O 2 and H 2 O to C 6 H 12 O 6 and O 2 requires energy.
Therefore, the conversion through which energy is released is ATP to ADP. A TPt o A D P
Explanation
Analyzing the Options We need to identify the conversion that releases energy. Let's analyze each option:
ADP to ATP ADP to ATP: This is the process of creating ATP from ADP. ATP (adenosine triphosphate) is the main energy currency of the cell. The synthesis of ATP from ADP requires energy input, it does not release energy.
ATP to ADP ATP to ADP: This is the process of breaking down ATP into ADP. ATP is broken down to release energy for cellular processes. Therefore, this conversion releases energy.
NADP + to NADPH NADP + to NADPH: This is the reduction of NADP + to NADPH. This process requires energy input in the form of electrons; it does not release energy.
C O 2 and H 2 O to C 6 H 12 O 6 and O 2 C O 2 and H 2 O to C 6 H 12 O 6 and O 2 : This is the process of photosynthesis, where carbon dioxide and water are converted into glucose and oxygen. This process requires energy input (usually from sunlight) and does not release energy.
Conclusion Based on the analysis, the conversion that releases energy is ATP to ADP.
Examples
Think of ATP as a fully charged battery. When a cell needs energy to perform a task, it 'spends' ATP by converting it to ADP, like using the energy stored in the battery. This released energy powers the cell's activities, such as muscle contraction or nerve impulse transmission. The ADP can then be 'recharged' back into ATP, but that requires energy input.
The conversion through which energy is released is ATP to ADP. This process involves the breakdown of ATP into ADP, which releases energy that cells use for various functions. Other options, such as ADP to ATP or NADP⁺ to NADPH, require energy instead of releasing it.
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