Using the current of 15.0 A and the time of 30 seconds, we find the total charge to be 450 coulombs. Dividing by the charge of a single electron ( 1.6 × 1 0 − 19 C ), we calculate that approximately 2.81 × 1 0 21 electrons have flowed through the device. This calculation demonstrates the relationship between current, charge, and the flow of electrons over a period of time.
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Grana are crucial for the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis, producing ATP and NADPH, while stroma facilitates the Calvin cycle for sugar creation. Cyclic and non-cyclic photophosphorylation differ mainly in their products and the photosystems involved. In photorespiration, Glycine is converted to serine in mitochondria, showing the inefficiencies in plant processes. ;