Painkillers do not have a direct effect on pathogens; they do not kill them, cause mutations, or promote reproduction. Their primary role is pain relief in the body. Thus, they are not antimicrobial like antibiotics. ;
Painkillers do not affect pathogens directly; they are used for pain relief only. The correct answer is A: No effect. Unlike antibiotics, painkillers do not kill, mutate, or promote the reproduction of pathogens.
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