The total amount of _________ is the same before and after any transformation.
Answer (3)
Matter. You cannot create or destroy it, no matter what physical or chemical change is made.
The total amount of momentum and angular momentum is the same before and after any transformation, given that there are no external forces or torques acting on a closed system. When analyzing linear motion, the formula M₁V₁ = M₂V₂ illustrates conservation of momentum, where M represents mass and V represents velocity. Additionally, total energy is conserved in any process. Energy can be transformed from one form to another or transferred between systems, but the total energy remains constant.
In the context of rotational motion, if no external torque acts upon a system, then its angular momentum remains conserved. This is seen when a figure skater pulls in their arms to spin faster—while their moment of inertia decreases, their angular velocity increases so that the product of these two, which is angular momentum, remains constant. Finally, in elastic collisions, both the momentum and kinetic energy of the system are conserved. The total momentum and kinetic energy before and after the collision remain equal, following the principle of conservation of energy.
In a closed system, the total momentum, energy, and angular momentum are conserved before and after transformations, meaning they remain constant without external influences. Examples include momentum conservation in collisions, energy conservation in pendulums, and angular momentum conservation in spinning objects. These principles help explain a wide range of physical phenomena in the natural world.
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