The astronomers provided a new way of looking at things through exploration. Their example was followed by others who soon began exploring, leading the world into the Renaissance.
European astronomers challenged medieval beliefs and the authority of the Catholic Church through significant discoveries during the Renaissance and Scientific Revolution. Key figures like Copernicus, Galileo, and Newton shifted the understanding of the universe from a geocentric to a heliocentric model. This transformation in thought marked the end of the Middle Ages and the rise of the modern era in Europe.
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