A limiting factor in regards to population growth can be predation. In nature, when there's a big boom in population, the predators that prey on said animals increase predation on that particular species. This in turn slows population growth as the number of animals in that species is then reduced.
Food supply is a limiting factor that restricts population growth by increasing competition, lowering birth rates, and raising mortality rates due to scarcity. As population density rises, the demand for food exceeds supply, leading to starvation and lower reproductive success. This dynamic stabilizes the population size by balancing the number of individuals that can be supported by the available resources.
;